Which historical figure has a statue located outside the Houses of Parliament?

The correct choice is Oliver Cromwell. The statue of Oliver Cromwell is positioned outside the Houses of Parliament in Westminster, London, as a tribute to his significant role in English history. Cromwell was a military and political leader during the English Civil War and later served as Lord Protector of the Commonwealth of England, Scotland, and Ireland. His leadership and actions profoundly impacted the development of parliamentary democracy in England, making him a notable figure in the context of the British political landscape.

While other figures such as Winston Churchill and Charles Dickens are undeniably important to British history, their statues are located in different locations. Winston Churchill, for instance, is commemorated by a statue in Parliament Square, highlighting his pivotal role during World War II. Similarly, Charles Dickens does not have a statue outside the Houses of Parliament; rather, he is honored in other public spaces in London due to his contributions to literature. Isaac Newton, a renowned scientist, is celebrated in a variety of contexts, but he is not represented by a statue in this specific location.