What significant event occurred from September 2 to September 6 in 1666?

The Great Fire of London, which took place from September 2 to September 6, 1666, was a catastrophic event that devastated a large portion of the city of London. The fire ignited in a bakery on Pudding Lane and rapidly spread, fueled by the wooden structures and the dry conditions of the time. It destroyed thousands of homes, numerous churches, and significant landmarks, including St. Paul's Cathedral.

This event is significant not only because of the immediate destruction it caused, but also due to its long-lasting impact on urban development and fire safety regulations in London. In the aftermath of the Great Fire, a major rebuilding effort commenced, leading to the construction of new buildings and streets, along with improvements in public safety to prevent such disasters in the future. The fire also sparked discussions about insurance and property rights, as many people lost their homes and livelihoods overnight.

In the context of the other options, establishing Parliament, signing the Great Charter, and founding St. Paul's Cathedral represent events that occurred in different historical contexts and are unrelated to the specific timeframe of September 2 to September 6, 1666. These events did not coincide with the Great Fire, making it the correct choice.